Poll Shows Most
in U.S. Want Overhaul of Immigration Laws
Published: May 3, 2010 - New York Times
LOS ANGELES — The overwhelming majority of Americans think the countryfs immigration
policies need to be seriously overhauled. And despite protests against Arizonafs
stringent new immigration enforcement law, a majority of Americans support it,
even though they say it may lead to racial profiling.
These are the findings of the latest New York Times/CBS News poll.
With the signing of the
Arizona law on April 23 and reports of renewed efforts in Washington to
rethink immigration, there has been an uptick in the number of Americans who
describe illegal immigration as a serious problem.
But the poll — conducted April 28 through May 2 with 1,079 adults, and with a
margin of sampling error of plus or minus three percentage points — suggests
that Americans remain deeply divided about what to do.
The public broadly agrees, across party lines, that the United States could
be doing more along its border to keep illegal immigrants out. The view was
shared by 78 percent of the respondents.
That unity, however, fractures on the question of what to do with illegal
immigrants who are already here and the role of states in enforcing immigration
law, normally a federal responsibility.
A majority of the people polled, 57 percent, said the federal government
should determine the laws addressing illegal immigration. But 51 percent said
the Arizona law was gabout righth in its approach to the problem. Thirty-six
percent said it went too far and 9 percent said it did not go far enough.
The law has recharged the national debate over securing the border and what
to do about the estimated 12 million illegal immigrants already in the country.
The Arizona law gives local police officers broad power to detain people they
suspect are in the country illegally and check their legal status. Lawsuits have
already been filed on several grounds, including the argument that it will lead
to the racial profiling of legal residents and that the state has
unconstitutionally intruded on federal authority.
Under a torrent of criticism, the Arizona Legislature and Gov. Jan
Brewer made changes to the law on Friday that they say explicitly ban the
police from racial profiling and allow officers to inquire about immigration
status only of people they stop, detain or arrest in enforcing existing state
law. But the new immigration law also now includes civil violations of municipal
codes as grounds to check papers, and opponents were not mollified by the
changes.
In follow-up interviews, poll respondents who embraced the thrust of the
Arizona law still called for a national solution.
gThe Arizona law is fine, but the federal government has to step in and come
up with something — and theyfre not doing it,h said Pat Turkos, 64, a library
worker and Republican from Baltimore.
She said: gI donft think they should be stopped just walking down the street,
only if theyfre stopped for speeding, for example. I believe everybody has the
right to come here, but I think they have to be made legal citizens.h
Although the respondents broadly agreed that the Arizona law would result in
racial profiling, overburden local and state law enforcement agencies and
decrease the willingness of illegal immigrants to report crimes for fear of
deportation, large majorities said it would reduce the number of illegal
immigrants in the state, deter illegal border crossings and, to a lesser extent,
reduce crime.
Some attitudes about immigration have remained stable among the public. Most
still say illegal immigrants weaken the nationfs economy rather than strengthen
it, and public opinion remains divided over how the United States should handle
illegal immigrants currently in the country.
But American attitudes toward the law and whether illegal immigrants already
here should have a path to citizenship differed markedly across regions and
parties. Westerners and Northeasterners, for example, are significantly more
likely than those in other regions to say the recent law in Arizona goes too
far. And Democrats are much more likely than Republicans or independents to
support a path to citizenship for illegal immigrants now in the country.
Just 8 percent of Americans said the immigration system needed only minor
changes. The vast majority said it needed reworking, including 44 percent who
said it needed to be completely rebuilt and 45 percent who said it needed
fundamental changes.
Three quarters said that, over all, illegal immigrants were a drain on the
economy because they did not all pay taxes but used public services like
hospitals and schools. Nearly 2 in 10 said the immigrants strengthened the
economy by providing low-cost labor and buying goods and services, a chief
argument among many of their advocates.
gI do think the federal government should deal with it, because illegal
immigrants donft pay taxes and donft contribute to our government,h said Deborah
Adams, 53, a Democrat from Ephrata, Pa., and a paramedic who called the Arizona
law a gnecessary evil.h
gThey take jobs from American citizens who need to work and pay into Social
Security,h Ms. Adams said.
In fact, many illegal
immigrants do pay taxes into the Social Security system, but never see a
return on their contributions.
At immigration rallies in several cities on Saturday, demonstrators pressed
the case for overhauling immigration law.
So far no bill has been introduced in Congress. President
Obama, while supportive of the idea of immigration reform, has questioned
whether lawmakers have the appetite for a divisive battle over it after a year
of other political fights and in the middle of a campaign.
A delegation of Arizonans opposed to the law, including Mayor Phil Gordon of
Phoenix, plans to meet with Justice Department officials on Tuesday to urge them
to step into the brewing legal battle over the law.
On Monday, one of the lawfs staunchest advocates, Sheriff Joe
Arpaio of Maricopa County in the Phoenix area, announced that after toying
with the idea, he would not run for governor.
Randal C. Archibold reported from Los Angeles, and Megan Thee-Brennan from
New York. Marina Stefan contributed reporting from New York